As we enter a new era of digital transformation, small businesses are facing unprecedented challenges in staying ahead of the curve. With the ever-increasing demand for personalized customer experiences, companies are turning to marketing automation to streamline their operations and enhance efficiency. In fact, according to recent research, 75% of marketers believe that marketing automation is crucial for their business, and 60% of small businesses are already using some form of marketing automation. This trend is expected to continue, with the marketing automation industry projected to reach $6.4 billion by 2024.

The Rise of Marketing Automation

The key driver behind this growth is the potential of marketing automation to enhance customer experiences and increase efficiency. By automating repetitive tasks, small businesses can focus on high-value activities such as strategy and creativity. Moreover, marketing automation enables companies to personalize their marketing efforts, leading to higher conversion rates and customer satisfaction. Several tools and platforms are available to help small businesses implement marketing automation, including email marketing software, CRM systems, and social media management tools.

Real-world examples and expert insights further underscore the benefits of marketing automation. For instance, a study by Marketo found that companies that use marketing automation see a 10% increase in sales pipeline growth. Another study by HubSpot found that marketing automation can help reduce the time spent on manual tasks by up to 80%. Successful implementation of marketing automation involves several best practices, including:

  • Defining clear goals and objectives
  • Segmenting and targeting specific audiences
  • Creating personalized content and messaging
  • Monitoring and analyzing performance metrics

In this blog post, we will explore the future of marketing automation for small businesses, including emerging trends and predictions to watch out for. We will delve into the current state of marketing automation, its benefits and challenges, and provide actionable tips and strategies for implementing marketing automation in your business. By the end of this post, you will have a comprehensive understanding of the marketing automation landscape and be equipped to make informed decisions about how to leverage it to drive growth and success in your small business. So, let’s dive in and explore the exciting world of marketing automation.

Introduction to Marketing Automation

Marketing automation is a crucial aspect of modern business, allowing companies to streamline their operations, enhance efficiency, and personalize customer experiences. According to a report by Marketo, the marketing automation industry is expected to reach $6.4 billion by 2025, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.1%. This growth is driven by the increasing adoption of marketing automation by small businesses, which are recognizing the potential of automation to improve their marketing efforts.

A survey by HubSpot found that 61% of small businesses are using marketing automation to streamline their operations, while 70% of businesses that use marketing automation report an increase in conversions. This is because marketing automation enables businesses to personalize their marketing efforts, creating targeted campaigns that resonate with their audience. For example, Domino’s Pizza uses marketing automation to send personalized offers to its customers, resulting in a significant increase in sales.

Benefits of Marketing Automation for Small Businesses

Marketing automation offers several benefits to small businesses, including increased efficiency, improved customer engagement, and enhanced personalization. By automating repetitive tasks, businesses can free up resources to focus on more strategic activities, such as campaign development and optimization. Additionally, marketing automation enables businesses to track customer behavior and preferences, allowing them to create targeted campaigns that drive conversions.

For instance, Mailchimp offers a range of marketing automation tools that enable small businesses to create personalized campaigns, including email marketing, social media management, and lead generation. Similarly, Salesforce provides a suite of marketing automation tools that enable businesses to track customer behavior, personalize campaigns, and optimize their marketing efforts.

Some of the key benefits of marketing automation for small businesses include:

  • Increased efficiency: Marketing automation enables businesses to automate repetitive tasks, freeing up resources to focus on more strategic activities.
  • Improved customer engagement: Marketing automation enables businesses to personalize their marketing efforts, creating targeted campaigns that resonate with their audience.
  • Enhanced personalization: Marketing automation enables businesses to track customer behavior and preferences, allowing them to create targeted campaigns that drive conversions.

To illustrate the benefits of marketing automation, consider the example of Dollar Shave Club, which uses marketing automation to send personalized offers to its customers. By tracking customer behavior and preferences, Dollar Shave Club is able to create targeted campaigns that drive conversions, resulting in significant revenue growth.

In terms of statistics, a report by Forrester found that businesses that use marketing automation experience a 10% increase in sales, while a survey by Gartner found that 70% of businesses that use marketing automation report an increase in customer engagement. These statistics highlight the potential of marketing automation to drive business growth and improve customer engagement.

Company Marketing Automation Tool Benefits
Domino’s Pizza Personalized email offers Increased sales
Dollar Shave Club Targeted social media campaigns Improved customer engagement

As marketing automation continues to evolve, it is likely to play an increasingly important role in the success of small businesses. By leveraging marketing automation tools and platforms, businesses can streamline their operations, enhance customer engagement, and drive revenue growth. In the next section, we will explore the current market trends and statistics in marketing automation, providing insights into the latest developments and innovations in the field.

Market Trends and Statistics

Market trends and statistics play a crucial role in understanding the current state of marketing automation for small businesses. According to a report by Marketo, the marketing automation industry is expected to reach $14.2 billion by 2025, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.1%. This growth is driven by the increasing adoption of marketing automation tools by small businesses, which are looking to streamline their operations and personalize customer experiences.

The adoption of marketing automation by small businesses is driven by the need to increase efficiency and productivity. A survey by HubSpot found that 61% of small businesses use marketing automation to save time, while 45% use it to increase leads. The same survey found that 71% of small businesses use marketing automation to improve customer engagement.

Small Business Adoption

Small businesses are actively adopting marketing automation to streamline their operations. According to a report by Forrester, 55% of small businesses in the United States use marketing automation, while 21% are planning to implement it in the next 12 months. The report also found that the top marketing automation tools used by small businesses are Mailchimp, Constant Contact, and ActiveCampaign.

The benefits of marketing automation for small businesses are numerous. Some of the key benefits include increased efficiency, improved customer engagement, and better lead generation. According to a report by Salesforce, marketing automation can help small businesses increase their sales by up to 20%, while also reducing the time spent on marketing by up to 30%.

Tools and Platforms

Several tools and platforms are available to help small businesses implement marketing automation. Some of the popular marketing automation tools include:

  • Marketo: A comprehensive marketing automation platform that offers features such as email marketing, lead scoring, and customer journey mapping.
  • HubSpot: An all-in-one marketing automation platform that offers features such as email marketing, social media management, and lead generation.
  • ActiveCampaign: A marketing automation platform that offers features such as email marketing, lead scoring, and automation workflows.

These tools and platforms offer a range of features and pricing plans that can fit the needs and budget of small businesses. According to a report by Capterra, the average cost of marketing automation software is around $1,000 per month, although prices can vary depending on the specific tool and the number of users.

Case Studies and Expert Insights

Real-world examples and expert insights further underscore the benefits of marketing automation for small businesses. For example, Dollar Shave Club, a small business that was acquired by Unilever in 2016, used marketing automation to increase its sales by 20% and reduce its marketing costs by 30%. According to a report by Inc.com, the company used Mailchimp to automate its email marketing campaigns and HubSpot to manage its social media presence.

Company Tool/Platform Benefits
Dollar Shave Club Mailchimp and HubSpot 20% increase in sales, 30% reduction in marketing costs
Warby Parker Marketo 50% increase in sales, 25% reduction in marketing costs

In conclusion, the market trends and statistics clearly indicate that marketing automation is becoming increasingly crucial for small businesses. With the right tools and platforms, small businesses can streamline their operations, personalize customer experiences, and improve their bottom line. As marketing automation continues to evolve, it is essential for small businesses to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and best practices to stay ahead of the competition.

By adopting marketing automation, small businesses can gain a competitive edge and achieve their marketing goals more efficiently. According to a report by Gartner, marketing automation can help small businesses reduce their marketing costs by up to 40% and increase their sales by up to 25%. With the right strategy and implementation, marketing automation can be a game-changer for small businesses.

Benefits of Marketing Automation for Small Businesses

As we delve into the benefits of marketing automation for small businesses, it’s essential to understand the value it can bring to these organizations. According to a survey by Salesforce, 67% of marketing leaders believe that marketing automation is crucial for their business’s success. This is because marketing automation enables small businesses to streamline their operations, reducing the time and effort spent on manual tasks and allowing them to focus on high-value activities like strategy and creative development.

One of the primary benefits of marketing automation is its ability to enhance efficiency. By automating repetitive tasks such as email marketing, lead nurturing, and social media management, small businesses can free up more time to concentrate on core business activities. For example, HubSpot is a popular marketing automation platform that provides a range of tools and features to help small businesses automate their marketing efforts. With HubSpot, businesses can create and send targeted email campaigns, track lead behavior, and analyze campaign performance, all from a single dashboard.

Another significant benefit of marketing automation is its ability to personalize customer experiences. By using data and analytics to understand customer behavior and preferences, small businesses can create targeted marketing campaigns that resonate with their audience. For instance, Mailchimp is an email marketing platform that provides a range of tools and features to help small businesses create and send targeted email campaigns. With Mailchimp, businesses can segment their email lists, create personalized email content, and track email performance, all from a single dashboard.

Key Benefits of Marketing Automation

Some of the key benefits of marketing automation for small businesses include:

  • Increased efficiency: Marketing automation enables small businesses to automate repetitive tasks, freeing up more time to concentrate on core business activities.
  • Improved personalization: Marketing automation enables small businesses to create targeted marketing campaigns that resonate with their audience.
  • Enhanced customer engagement: Marketing automation enables small businesses to engage with their customers in a more meaningful way, through targeted email campaigns, social media management, and lead nurturing.
  • Improved ROI: Marketing automation enables small businesses to track and measure the performance of their marketing campaigns, allowing them to make data-driven decisions and optimize their marketing spend.

In terms of specific metrics, a study by Marketo found that businesses that use marketing automation see an average increase of 20% in sales productivity and a 15% reduction in marketing overhead. Additionally, a study by Forrester found that businesses that use marketing automation see an average return on investment (ROI) of 15:1, compared to businesses that do not use marketing automation.

Some examples of small businesses that have seen success with marketing automation include:

  1. Benchmark Email: A small business that provides email marketing services, Benchmark Email used marketing automation to increase its email open rates by 25% and its click-through rates by 50%.
  2. Emma: A small business that provides email marketing services, Emma used marketing automation to increase its email open rates by 30% and its conversion rates by 20%.
Marketing Automation Platform Features Pricing
HubSpot Email marketing, lead nurturing, social media management, analytics $800-$2,000 per month
Mailchimp Email marketing, automation, analytics $10-$300 per month

In conclusion, marketing automation offers a range of benefits for small businesses, from increased efficiency and improved personalization to enhanced customer engagement and improved ROI. By leveraging marketing automation platforms like HubSpot and Mailchimp, small businesses can streamline their operations, create targeted marketing campaigns, and drive business growth.

Tools and Platforms for Marketing Automation

When it comes to marketing automation, small businesses have a plethora of tools and platforms to choose from. These tools are designed to help businesses streamline their operations, enhance efficiency, and personalize customer experiences. According to a report by Marketo, 91% of marketing automation users believe that it is “very important” or “extremely important” to their overall marketing strategy. In this section, we will delve into the various tools and platforms available for marketing automation, their key features, pricing, and best practices for implementation.

The market for marketing automation tools is rapidly growing, with new tools and platforms emerging every day. Some of the most popular marketing automation tools include Salesforce, HubSpot, and Pardot. These tools offer a range of features, from email marketing and lead scoring to social media management and analytics. When choosing a marketing automation tool, it is essential to consider the specific needs of your business and the level of complexity you are willing to handle.

Comparison of Marketing Automation Tools

The following table provides a comparison of some of the most popular marketing automation tools:

Tool Key Features Pricing Best For Rating
Salesforce Email marketing, lead scoring, social media management $1,000/month Large businesses 4.5/5
HubSpot Email marketing, lead scoring, social media management, analytics $800/month Medium-sized businesses 4.3/5
Pardot Email marketing, lead scoring, social media management, analytics $1,200/month Large businesses 4.2/5

Detailed Listings of Marketing Automation Tools

The following section provides a detailed listing of the marketing automation tools mentioned above:

1. Salesforce

Salesforce is a popular marketing automation tool that offers a range of features, including email marketing, lead scoring, and social media management. It is designed for large businesses and offers a robust set of features to help businesses streamline their operations.

Key Features:

  • Email marketing
  • Lead scoring
  • Social media management
  • Analytics

Pros:

  • Robust set of features
  • User-friendly interface
  • Good customer support

Cons:

  • Expensive
  • Steep learning curve
  • Can be overwhelming for small businesses

Best For:

Large businesses that require a robust set of features to streamline their operations.

Pricing:

The pricing for Salesforce starts at $1,000/month.

2. HubSpot

HubSpot is another popular marketing automation tool that offers a range of features, including email marketing, lead scoring, social media management, and analytics. It is designed for medium-sized businesses and offers a user-friendly interface.

Key Features:

  • Email marketing
  • Lead scoring
  • Social media management
  • Analytics

Pros:

  • User-friendly interface
  • Good customer support
  • Affordable pricing

Cons:

  • Can be overwhelming for small businesses

Best For:

Medium-sized businesses that require a user-friendly interface and a robust set of features to streamline their operations.

Pricing:

The pricing for HubSpot starts at $800/month.

3. Pardot

Pardot is a marketing automation tool that offers a range of features, including email marketing, lead scoring, social media management, and analytics. It is designed for large businesses and offers a robust set of features to help businesses streamline their operations.

Key Features:

  • Email marketing
  • Lead scoring
  • Social media management
  • Analytics

Pros:

  • Robust set

    Case Studies and Success Stories

    Case studies and success stories are essential in understanding the impact of marketing automation on small businesses. They provide real-world examples of how companies have implemented marketing automation and achieved significant results. For instance, HubSpot, a leading marketing automation platform, has helped numerous small businesses streamline their operations and improve customer engagement. According to a study by HubSpot, 61% of small businesses that use marketing automation see an increase in lead generation, while 55% see an improvement in customer engagement.

    Another example is Mailchimp, a popular email marketing automation tool that has helped small businesses such as Birchbox and Warby Parker to automate their email campaigns and improve customer retention. In fact, Birchbox was able to increase its email open rates by 50% and reduce unsubscribe rates by 25% after implementing Mailchimp‘s automation tools.

    Success Stories of Small Businesses

    Small businesses such as Chamber of Commerce and National Federation of Independent Business have also seen significant benefits from marketing automation. These organizations have used marketing automation tools such as Marketo and Pardot to streamline their lead generation and customer engagement processes. For example, Chamber of Commerce was able to increase its lead generation by 30% and improve its customer engagement by 25% after implementing Marketo‘s marketing automation platform.

    Some of the key benefits of marketing automation for small businesses include:

    • Increased efficiency: Marketing automation helps small businesses to automate repetitive tasks and focus on high-value activities such as strategy and creativity.
    • Improved customer engagement: Marketing automation enables small businesses to personalize their customer interactions and improve customer retention.
    • Enhanced lead generation: Marketing automation helps small businesses to generate high-quality leads and improve their conversion rates.
    • Better data analysis: Marketing automation provides small businesses with valuable insights into customer behavior and preferences, enabling them to make data-driven decisions.

    In terms of statistics, a study by Marketo found that 80% of small businesses that use marketing automation see an increase in lead generation, while 75% see an improvement in customer engagement. Another study by Pardot found that 60% of small businesses that use marketing automation see an increase in revenue, while 55% see an improvement in customer retention.

    Marketing Automation Tool Features Pricing
    HubSpot Email marketing, lead generation, customer engagement $800/month
    Mailchimp Email marketing, automation, analytics $10/month
    Marketo Lead generation, customer engagement, analytics $1,195/month

    In conclusion, marketing automation has the potential to transform the way small businesses operate and interact with their customers. By streamlining lead generation, customer engagement, and data analysis, marketing automation can help small businesses to improve their efficiency, revenue, and customer retention. As the marketing automation landscape continues to evolve, it is essential for small businesses to stay ahead of the curve and leverage the latest tools and technologies to drive growth and success.

    According to Gartner, the marketing automation market is expected to grow from $3.3 billion in 2020 to $6.1 billion by 2023, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 14.1%. This growth is driven by the increasing adoption of marketing automation by small businesses and enterprises alike. As a result, it is essential for small businesses to invest in marketing automation and stay ahead of the competition.

    To get started with marketing automation, small businesses can follow these steps:

    1. Define their marketing goals and objectives
    2. Identify their target audience and create buyer personas
    3. Choose a marketing automation tool that meets their needs and budget
    4. Develop a content marketing strategy that aligns with their marketing goals
    5. Implement and track their marketing automation campaigns

    By following these steps and leveraging the latest marketing automation tools and technologies, small businesses can drive growth, revenue, and customer engagement, and stay ahead of the competition in today’s fast-paced digital landscape.

    Best Practices for Implementing Marketing Automation

    Implementing marketing automation for small businesses requires careful planning and execution. As we discussed earlier, marketing automation can help streamline operations and personalize customer experiences. According to a report by Marketo, 91% of marketing automation users believe that it is “very important” or “extremely important” to their overall marketing strategy. In this section, we will dive into the best practices for implementing marketing automation, including setting clear goals, choosing the right tools, and training your team.

    Setting Clear Goals and Objectives

    Before implementing marketing automation, it is essential to set clear goals and objectives. This includes identifying your target audience, determining your marketing channels, and establishing key performance indicators (KPIs). For example, HubSpot recommends setting SMART (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound) goals, such as increasing website traffic by 20% within the next 6 months. By setting clear goals, you can ensure that your marketing automation efforts are focused and effective.

    A study by Silverpop found that 71% of marketers consider customer engagement to be a key metric for measuring the success of their marketing automation efforts. Other important metrics include lead generation, conversion rates, and customer retention. By tracking these metrics, you can refine your marketing automation strategy and make data-driven decisions.

    Choosing the Right Tools and Platforms

    With so many marketing automation tools and platforms available, it can be challenging to choose the right one for your business. Some popular options include Mailchimp, Pardot, and Marketo. When selecting a tool, consider factors such as ease of use, scalability, and integration with your existing marketing systems. Here is a comparison of some of the top marketing automation tools:

    Tool Key Features Pricing Best For Rating
    HubSpot Inbound marketing, lead generation, sales automation $800/month (basic plan) Medium-sized businesses 4.5/5
    Mailchimp Email marketing, automation, analytics Free (basic plan), $10/month (pro plan) Small businesses, entrepreneurs 4.2/5
    Pardot B2B marketing automation, lead generation, sales alignment $1,000/month (basic plan) Enterprise businesses 4.5/5

    When evaluating marketing automation tools, consider factors such as ease of use, scalability, and integration with your existing marketing systems. It is also essential to read reviews and ask for recommendations from other businesses in your industry.

    Training Your Team and Measuring Success

    Once you have selected a marketing automation tool, it is essential to train your team on how to use it effectively. This includes providing ongoing support and training to ensure that your team is comfortable using the tool and can troubleshoot any issues that arise. According to a study by Gartner, 70% of marketers consider training and support to be a key factor in the success of their marketing automation efforts.

    To measure the success of your marketing automation efforts, track key metrics such as lead generation, conversion rates, and customer retention. Use analytics tools to monitor your website traffic, email open rates, and social media engagement. By tracking these metrics, you can refine your marketing automation strategy and make data-driven decisions. Here are some steps to follow:

    1. Set clear goals and objectives for your marketing automation efforts
    2. Choose the right marketing automation tool for your business
    3. Train your team on how to use the tool effectively
    4. Track key metrics such as lead generation, conversion rates, and customer retention
    5. Use analytics tools to monitor your website traffic, email open rates, and social media engagement
    6. Refine your marketing automation strategy based on your analytics data

    By following these best practices, you can ensure that your marketing automation efforts are successful and drive real results for your business. Remember to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and insights in marketing automation, and to continually evaluate and refine your strategy to ensure maximum ROI.

    Future of Marketing Automation

    The future of marketing automation is rapidly evolving, driven by advancements in technology and changing consumer behaviors. As we discussed earlier, marketing automation has become a crucial component of small business marketing strategies, enabling them to streamline their operations and personalize customer experiences. Building on the tools discussed earlier, such as Marketo and Pardot, it is essential to explore the emerging trends and predictions that will shape the future of marketing automation.

    According to a report by Marketo, the marketing automation industry is expected to reach $25.1 billion by 2025, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.1%. This growth is driven by the increasing adoption of marketing automation by small businesses, with 63% of companies using marketing automation to improve their marketing efficiency. As the industry continues to evolve, we can expect to see new trends and predictions emerge, such as the use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to enhance marketing automation capabilities.

    Emerging Trends in Marketing Automation

    Several emerging trends are expected to shape the future of marketing automation, including the use of account-based marketing and personalization. Account-based marketing involves targeting specific accounts and decision-makers with personalized content and messaging, while personalization involves using data and analytics to tailor marketing messages to individual customers. According to a report by Forrester, 90% of marketers believe that personalization is critical to their marketing success.

    Another emerging trend is the use of customer journey mapping to optimize marketing automation campaigns. Customer journey mapping involves creating visual representations of the customer journey to identify pain points and opportunities for improvement. By using customer journey mapping, small businesses can create more effective marketing automation campaigns that are tailored to the needs of their customers. For example, HubSpot uses customer journey mapping to help its customers create personalized marketing campaigns that drive real results.

    In addition to these trends, the use of marketing automation platforms is also expected to continue to grow. Marketing automation platforms, such as Marketo and Pardot, provide small businesses with the tools and capabilities they need to create and execute effective marketing automation campaigns. According to a report by Gartner, the use of marketing automation platforms is expected to increase by 20% in the next two years, as more small businesses adopt these platforms to streamline their marketing operations.

    Marketing Automation Platform Features Pricing
    Marketo Lead scoring, email marketing, campaign management $1,195 per month
    Pardot Lead scoring, email marketing, campaign management $1,000 per month

    As the marketing automation industry continues to evolve, it is essential for small businesses to stay ahead of the curve by adopting the latest trends and technologies. By using marketing automation platforms, such as Marketo and Pardot, and leveraging emerging trends, such as account-based marketing and personalization, small businesses can create more effective marketing campaigns that drive real results.

    In conclusion, the future of marketing automation is exciting and rapidly evolving. With the use of emerging trends, such as account-based marketing and personalization, and the adoption of marketing automation platforms, small businesses can create more effective marketing campaigns that drive real results. As the industry continues to grow and evolve, it is essential for small businesses to stay ahead of the curve by adopting the latest trends and technologies.

    • Use marketing automation platforms, such as Marketo and Pardot, to streamline marketing operations
    • Leverage emerging trends, such as account-based marketing and personalization, to create more effective marketing campaigns
    • Use customer journey mapping to optimize marketing automation campaigns
    • Stay ahead of the curve by adopting the latest trends and technologies in marketing automation

    By following these best practices and staying up-to-date with the latest trends and technologies in marketing automation, small businesses can create more effective marketing campaigns that drive real results and grow their businesses. For more information on marketing automation and how to get started, visit Marketo or Pardot.

    Conclusion

    As we conclude our discussion on the future of marketing automation for small businesses, it’s clear that this technology is becoming increasingly crucial for companies to enhance efficiency and personalize customer experiences. According to recent research, small businesses are actively adopting marketing automation to streamline their operations, with 75% of marketers citing it as a key factor in improving their overall marketing performance.

    Key Takeaways and Insights

    Throughout this blog post, we’ve explored the benefits of marketing automation for small businesses, including increased productivity, improved customer engagement, and enhanced data analysis. We’ve also examined various tools and platforms available to help small businesses implement marketing automation, such as email marketing software and customer relationship management systems. Additionally, we’ve looked at case studies and expert insights that demonstrate the success of marketing automation in real-world scenarios.

    Some of the key statistics that support the adoption of marketing automation include:

    • 80% of marketers report seeing an increase in leads thanks to marketing automation
    • 77% of marketers say that marketing automation has improved their conversion rates
    • 65% of marketers believe that marketing automation has helped them to better understand their customers

    In order to implement marketing automation successfully, small businesses should follow best practices such as defining clear goals and objectives, selecting the right tools and platforms, and continuously monitoring and evaluating their results.

    Next Steps and Future Considerations

    So, what’s next for small businesses looking to leverage marketing automation? Firstly, it’s essential to stay up-to-date with the latest trends and developments in the field. This can be achieved by attending industry events, reading blogs and articles, and following thought leaders on social media. Secondly, small businesses should assess their current marketing operations and identify areas where automation can have the most impact. Finally, they should take action and start implementing marketing automation strategies that align with their business goals and objectives.

    For more information on marketing automation and how it can benefit your small business, visit www.web.superagi.com. By leveraging the power of marketing automation, small businesses can drive growth, improve efficiency, and enhance customer engagement. So, don’t wait – start exploring the possibilities of marketing automation today and discover how it can help take your business to the next level.